Kiln and fire-brick therefor



S. H. HARRISON.

KILN AND FIRE BRICK THEREFOR. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24. 1920.

Patented Apr. 12, 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIMON HENRY HARRISON, OF EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOS. WARREN HAR'I'W'ELL, F EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA;

KILN AND FIRE-BRICK THEREFOR I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 12, 1921.

Application filed February 24, 1920. Serial Nb. 860,653.

RISON, usually known as S. HENRY HABRL' son, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at 318 Parsons street, Easton, in thecounty ofNorthampton and State of Penns lvania, have invented a certain new anduse ul Kiln and Fire-Brick Therefor, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to fire brick of the charcter used to line metalliccasings and in which there 'is excessive conductlon heat loss throughthe fire brick to the metallic casing and thence by radiation to theair.

The purpose of my invention is to form recesses in the faces of the firebrick, so that there shall be dead air pockets at these points, and sothat the contact with the surrounding metallic cylinder shall be limitedto the edges of the recesses, limiting these air spaces to the size of asingle brick face, or at least to a small area preferably extendingcircumferentially within the easing. The. air in each space is subjectthroughout to substantially the same temperature conditions, securingdead air spaces or pockets as distinguished from intended passages, andtrapping the air as distinguished from providing for fluid fiow.

Further purposes will appear in thespecr fica-tion and in the claims.

I have preferred to illustrate my invention by but three forms thereof,selecting forms which are practical, efficient and quite inexpensive,and which at the same time well illustrate the principles of myinvention.

Figure 1 isa broken, longitudinal side elevation of a rotary kilnillustrative of one general type of apparatus with which my invention isuseful.

Figs. 2 and 4 are cross-sections of a structure such as that shown inFig. 1, showing two forms of my invention.

Figs. 3 and 5 are perspective viewsof fire bricks, such as are shown inFigs. 2 and a respectively.

Fig. 6 shows in perspective a third form of brick.

lln the drawing similar numerals" indicate like parts.

In accordance with the requirements of the statute I have illustrated myinvention in connection with one piece of apparatus,

a rotary kiln, but recognize that it is useful generally for the purposeof lin' any metal casing with fire brick in Wil 23% the faces of heatedfire brick would come in contact with the surface of the casing.

In the rotary kiln structure illustrated .in Fig. 1, it is necessary touse an outer metallic casing or cover 6, in order to secure the strengthrequired. This casing must be lined throughout its length, in order tostandthe heat. It is supported at intervals by rings 7 and cooperatingbearing structure shown at 8, of which supports two only are shownin'the illunration; and is rotated from any suitable shaft 9 by means ofgears 10, 11, shaft 12, and gears 13, 14., 15 and. 16, all well known inthe art.

Because of the high temperature attained, the entire interior bricksurface 17 becomes highly heated, and the bricks as ordinaril -used.have transmitted this heat throng substantially the entire outer surfaceof the brickto the adjoining and engaging interior surface 18 of thecylinder. A proposal by Wentz (U. S. Patent 714,843, Dec. 2, 1902)providing longitudinal channels between the brick and thecasing, wasobjectionable because the channels are much too long to obtain anyappreciable benefit from the entering air, which becomes heated veryquickly, and because the circulation provided greatly increases theconvection heat transfer from the brick to the metal.

ll aim to reduce the area of brick contact with the cylinder whileavoiding circulation by providing pockets or segregated air spacesofdead air.

'Fhese need not be deep in a radial direc-. tion to'secure efiectiveheat insulation and are best made shallow to retain as much of thestrength of the full-bodied brick as possible and to reduce breakage ofthe flanges. They may be used in otherwise solid brick as inFigs. 3 and5, or in hollow tile as in Fig. 6.

In order to prevent longitudinal movement of the air through anyextended distance, I provide my contact primarily by .means of the faces19, .19 of circumferening as in 2, and; as is provided for by the endsof the space 21 open at 22 as in Fig. 3. However, for more completedeadening of the air space and more complete segregation of the severalair spaces into heat-insulating air pockets, it is desirable to provideflanges 23 whose edges 24, 24: en-

gage with the metal of the surrounding cas 1ng. This gives-a moreeflec'tive 'dead air space, shown as one pocket in Fig. and as dividedinto two pockets in Fig. 6. The additional surface of contact 24 withthat at 19 provides but a very slight total area for conduction of heatto the surrounding metal.

It will be evident that the longitudinal interruption of the air spaceby flanges to secure dead-air pockets, and the small contact surfacesare quite desirable and may be applied to various arts and in variousspecific forms, all of which will come within the spirit and scope of myinvention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to.secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an iron-incased brick lined, calciningchamber or furnace, the novelty which consists in wedge shaped brickshaving the area of contact between the lining brick and the inclosingcasing reduced to flanges only, the

structure being sealed a ainst passage of gases longitudinally of thecasing and the bricks being held in position by their mutual wedgingactions. I

2. In a structure of the character set forth in claim 1, the noveltywhich comprises longitudinally extending flanges in connection withtransverse flanges, so that transverse air movement will be interruptedby the longitudinally extending flan es.

3. In a structure of the c aracter set forth in claim 1, the noveltywhich comprises a lining freed from passages for air from the ravagesinterior to the casing by the lateral contact of the bricks.

4. In a-structure of the character set forth in claim 2, the noveltywhich comprises a linin freed from passages for air from the interior tothe casing by the lateral contact of the bricks.

5. The combination of a metallic casing or shell of a calcining chamberorfurnace and lining bricks of wedge shape, having the outer ends of thebrlcks flanged and larger than the inner ends thereof, providing flangecontact between the bricks and the casing with intermediate dead airspace, the flanges preventing passage of the air axially with respect tothe casing.

6. The combination of a metallic casing of a calcining chamber orfurnace and lining brick therefor, having the outer ends of the brickslarger and providing flange contact between the bricks and thecasingwith intermediate dead'air spaces, the'flanges extending bothcircumferentially and axially of the casing to shut ofl' both axial andcircumferential air passage through the spaces.

7. The combination of a metallic casing of a calcining chamber orfurnace and lining bricks therefor, forming air spaces between the outerends of the brick and the casing, to shut off from axial air movementtherebetween and having the bricks in contact at their sides to shut ofiair movement therethrough.

8. The'combination of a metallic casing of a calcining chamber orfurnace and lining bricks therefor, having flanges at their outer endsin contact with the casing and with the flanges of adjoining bricks, toprovide dead air spaces therebetween, the bricks being held in place byeach other.

snircn HENRY HRISON.

